Magnet - Ferromagnetic,Paramagnetic,Diamagnetic
What Is a Magnet?
- A Magnet Is A Material Or Object That Produces A Magnetic
Field With A North & South Pole
- Magnetisum : An Invsible Force That Pushes Or Pulls Magnetic
Material.
- Properties Of Magnet
- When A Magnet Is Dipped In Iron Filings, We Can Observe That
The Iron Filings Cling To The End Of The Magnet As The
Attraction Is Maximum At The Ends Of The Magnet. These Ends
Are Known As Poles Of The Magnets.
- Magnetic Poles Always Exist In Pairs.
- Whenever A Magnet Is Suspended Freely In Mid-Air, It Always
Points Towards The North-South Direction. Pole Pointing
Towards Geographic North Is Known As The North Pole, And
The Pole Pointing Towards Geographic South Is Known As The
South Pole.
- Like Poles Repel While Unlike Poles Attract.
- The Magnetic Force Between The Two Magnets Is Greater When
The Distance Between These Magnets Is Lesser.
- Types Of Magnets
- There Are Three Types Of Magnets, And They Are As Follows :
- Permanent Magnet
- Temporary Magnet
- Electromagnets
Permanent Magnet :
- Permanent Magnets Are Those Magnets That Are Commonly
Used. They Are Known As Permanent Magnets Because They Do
Not Lose Their Magnetic Property Once They Are Magnetized.
- Ex.Refrigerator Magnets,Speaker Magnets,Electric Motor
Etc.
- Ways To Demagnetize The Permanent Magnets:
- Heating: Heating A Magnet Above Its Curie Temperature (The
Temperature At Which A Magnet Loses Its Magnetism) Can
Demagnetize It
- Alternating Current (AC): Passing An Alternating Current
Through A Coil Surrounding The Magnet Can Cause The
Magnetic Domains In The Magnet To Lose Alignment And
Become Disordered,Resulting In Demagnetization
- Hammering: Repeatedly Hitting Or Hammering A Magnet Can
Also Cause The Magnetic Domains To Lose Alignment And
Become Disordered, Leading To Demagnetization.
- Strong Magnetic Fields In The Opposite Direction: Exposing A
Magnet To A Strong Magnetic Field In The Opposite Direction
Can Demagnetize It By Causing The Magnetic Domains To Lose
Alignment.
- Time: Over Time, Natural Factors Such As Exposure To Heat Or
Other Magnetic Fields, Or Even Simple Aging Can Cause A
Magnet To Gradually Lose Its Magnetism.
Temporary Magnet :
- Temporary Magnets Are Magnets That Are Only Magnetic For A
Limited Period Of Time.
- They Are Usually Made Of Materials That Are Not Naturally
Magnetic, But Can Be Magnetized When Exposed To A Magnetic
Field.
- Temporary Magnets Lose Their Magnetism Once The Magnetic
Field Is Removed.
- Ex. Iron Nails,Paperclips,Iron Or Steel.
Electromagnets :
- Electromagnets Are Magnets That Are Created By An Electric
Current Flowing Through A Wire.
- They Are Made Up Of A Coil Of Wire That Has A Magnetic Field
When An Electric Current Is Passed Through It.
- The Strength Of The Magnetic Field Can Be Increased Or
Decreased By Changing The Amount Of Current Flowing
Through The Wire.
- The Magnetic Field Is Temporary And Disappears When The
Electric Current Is Turned Off.
- Ex.Maglev Trains,Loudspeakers,Magnetic Locks Etc.
- Uses Of Magnets :
- Magnetic Storage: Magnets Are Used In Computer Hard Drives,
Audio And Video Tapes, And Credit Cards For Data Storage And
Retrieval.
- Medical Equipment: Magnets Are Used In MRI Machines, Medical
Implants, And Other Medical Equipment To Create Images Of
The Body's Internal Organs And Tissues, And To Help Relieve
Pain.
- Manufacturing: Magnets Are Used In Manufacturing To Separate
Metal Components From Raw Materials And In Welding And
Metal Fabrication.
- Electronics: Magnets Are Used In Loudspeakers, Headphones,
Microphones, And Other Electronic Devices To Convert Electrical
Energy Into Sound.
- Transportation: Magnets Are Used In Electric Motors,
Generators, And Maglev Trains To Create Motion And To Reduce
Friction.
- Household Items: Magnets Are Used In A Variety Of Household
Items, Such As Refrigerator Magnets, Door Latches, And Cabinet
Closures.
- Science And Education: Magnets Are Used In Scientific
Experiments, Classroom Demonstrations,And In Toys And
Educational Tools To Teach The Properties And Principles Of
Magnetism.
Magnetic Classification Of Materials
- All Substances Show Some Kind Of Magnetic Behaviour. After
All, They Are Made Up Of Charged Particles: Electrons And
Protons.
- The Atom (Or Group Of Atoms) In Effect Becomes A Magnetic
Dipole Or A Mini Bar Magnet That Can Align According To The
Magnetic Field Applied. The Net Effect Of All These Dipoles
Determines The Magnetic Properties Of The Magnetic Materials.
- There Are Three Main Types Of Magnetic Materials
- Ferromagnetic Materials
- Paramagnetic Materials
- Diamagnetic Materials
Ferromagnetic Materials :
- Ferromagnetic Materials Are A Type Of Magnetic Material That
Are Strongly Attracted To A Magnetic Field And Retain Their
Magnetic Properties Even After The External Magnetic Field Is
Removed.
- They Have A Spontaneous Magnetic Moment, Meaning They
Have Their Own Magnetic Field, Even In The Absence Of An
External Field.
- Ferromagnetic Materials Are Composed Of Elements With
Unpaired Electrons That Spin In The Same Direction, Resulting
In A Net Magnetic Moment.
- They Can Be Magnetized To Become Even More Strongly
Magnetic, With The Magnetization Persisting Until It Is
Removed By A Demagnetizing Field Or Heat.
- Ex.Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
Paramagnetic Materials :
- Paramagnetic Materials Are A Type Of Magnetic Material That
Are Weakly Attracted To A Magnetic Field And Lose Their
Magnetic Properties When The External Magnetic Field Is
Removed.
- They Do Not Have A Spontaneous Magnetic Moment And
Require An External Magnetic Field To Become Magnetic.
- Paramagnetic Materials Are Composed Of Elements With
Unpaired Electrons That Spin In Random Directions, Resulting
In A Net Magnetic Moment That Is Very Weak.
- They Can Be Magnetized To Some Extent When Placed In A
Magnetic Field, But The Magnetization Disappears When The
External Magnetic Field Is Removed.
- Ex.Aluminum, Platinum, And Titanium
Diamagnetic Materials :
- Diamagnetic Materials Are A Type Of Non-Magnetic Material
That Are Weakly Repelled By A Magnetic Field And Do Not
Retain Any Magnetization When The External Magnetic Field Is
Removed.
- They Do Not Have A Spontaneous Magnetic Moment And Are
Not
Attracted To A Magnetic Field.
- Diamagnetic Materials Are Composed Of Elements With All
Electrons Paired Up, Resulting In A Net Magnetic Moment Of
Zero.
- They Cannot Be Magnetized As They Do Not Respond To
Magnetic Fields, But Will Experience A Slight Repulsive Force
When Placed In A Magnetic Field.
- Ex.Copper, Gold, Silver, And Carbon
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