Battery
[ 1 ] What Is Battry
- Definition:
A Battery Is A Device That Stores Chemical Energy And Converts
It Into Electrical Energy.
- Composition:
A Battery Consists
Of One Or More Electrochemical Cells.
- Electrochemical Cells:
Electrochemical Cells Are Made Up Of Two Electrodes (Positive
And Negative) And An Electrolyte.
- Electrodes:
The Positive Electrode Is Called The Cathode, And The Negative
Electrode Is Called The
Anode.
- Electrolyte:
The Electrolyte Is A Substance That Allows The Movement Of
Ions Between The Electrodes.
- Chemical Reaction:
When A Battery Is Connected To An External Circuit, A Chemical
Reaction Occurs Within The
Battery.
- Electron Flow:
The Chemical Reaction Causes Electrons To Flow From The
Anode (Negative Electrode) To The Cathode (Positive
Electrode).
Types Of Batteries :
- Batteries Can Be Classified Into Various Types Based On
Different Categories Such As The Size,Chemical Composition,
And Form Factor.
- Two Types Of Battery :
(1) Primary
Batteries
(2) Secondary
Batteries
( 1 ) Primary Batteries :
- A Primary Battery, Also Known As A Disposable Battery, Is A
Type Of Battery That Is Designed For Single-Use And Cannot Be
Recharged.
- It Is Commonly Used To Provide Power To A Wide Range Of
Devices And Applications.
- Non-Rechargeable:
Primary Batteries Are Not Designed To Be Recharged. Once
The Energy Stored In Them Is Depleted,They Cannot Be
Restored To Their Original Capacity.
- Chemical
Reactions:
Primary Batteries Generate Electrical Energy Through Chemical
Reactions That Occur Within The Battery.These Reactions
Produce A Flow Of Electrons From The Negative Electrode
(Anode) To The Positive Electrode (Cathode).
- Limited Lifespan:
Primary Batteries Have A Finite Lifespan And Gradually Lose
Their Charge Over Time, Even When Not In Use.The Rate Of
Self-Discharge Varies Among Different Types Of Primary
Batteries.
- Types Of Primary
Batteries
Alkaline Batteries, Zinc-Carbon Batteries, Lithium Primary
Batteries Etc.
(A)Alkaline Batteries :
Alkaline Batteries Are One Of The Most Widely Used Primary
Battery Types, Known For Their Longer Lifespan And Higher
Energy Density Compared To Zinc-Carbon Batteries.
(B)Zinc-Carbon Batteries :
Zinc-Carbon Batteries Are The Traditional Cylindrical Batteries
Commonly Used In Devices Like Flashlights And Remote
Controls.They Have A Lower Energy Density Compared To
Alkaline Batteries.
(C)Lithium Primary Batteries :
Lithium Primary Batteries, Such As Lithium Coin Cell Batteries,
Offer A High Energy Density And Longer Shelf Life, Making
Them Suitable For Devices Requiring Compact Power Sources.
- Applications :
- Portable Electronics
- Remote Controls
- Flashlights And Lanterns
- Toys And Games
- Medical Devices
- Clocks And Watches
- Calculators
(2) Secondary Batteries :
- Secondary Batteries, Also Known As Rechargeable Batteries,
Are Energy Storage Devices That Can Be Recharged And
Reused Multiple Times
- Secondary Batteries Have The Ability To Store And Release
Electrical Energy Repeatedly Through The Use Of Reversible
Chemical Reactions.
- Rechargeable
Capability:
Secondary Batteries Have The Ability To Be Recharged And
Reused Multiple Times, Unlike Primary Batteries That Can Only
Be Used Once.
- Energy Storage:
Secondary Batteries Are Designed To Store Electrical Energy In
A Chemical Form. When The Battery Is Charged,A Chemical
Reaction Occurs, Storing Energy Within The Battery.
- Chemical
Reactions:
Secondary Batteries Utilize Reversible Chemical Reactions To
Store And Release Electrical Energy. During Charging, The
Chemical Compounds Within The Battery Undergo A Reaction
That Converts Electrical Energy From An External Source Into
Stored Chemical Energy.
- Discharging
Process:
When The Battery Is In Use, The Stored Chemical Energy Is
Converted Back Into Electrical Energy Through Another
Chemical Reaction.This Process Allows The Battery To Supply
Power To A Device Or System.
- Types Of Primary
Batteries
(A) Lead-Acid Batteries :
Lead-Acid Batteries Have Been Widely Used For Decades And
Are Commonly Found In Automotive Vehicles, Uninterruptible
Power Supplies (Ups), And Various Industrial Applications.
They Consist Of Lead And Lead Oxide Electrodes Submerged In
A Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte.These Batteries Are Relatively Low
Cost, Have A High Power-To-Weight Ratio, And Can Deliver
High Current Outputs.
(B) Lithium-Ion Batteries (Li-Ion) :
Li-Ion Batteries Are One Of The Most Popular Secondary
Battery Technologies Due To Their High Energy Density, Long
Cycle Life, And Low Self-Discharge Rate.They Are Used In A
Wide Range Of Devices, Including Smartphones, Laptops,
Electric Vehicles, And Grid Energy Storage Systems.Li-Ion
Batteries Utilize Lithium Ions Moving Between The Positive And
Negative Electrodes During Charging And Discharging
Processes.
(C) Nickel-Cadmium Batteries (Nicd):
Nicd Batteries Were Once Popular But Have Been Largely
Replaced By Other Technologies Due To Concerns Over The
Environmental Impact Of Cadmium.They Have A Relatively Low
Energy Density Compared To Other Secondary Batteries And
Suffer From Memory Effect (Reduced Capacity If Not
Fully Discharged Before Recharging).Nicd Batteries Are Still
Used In Certain Applications Like Emergency Lighting, Two-
Way Radios, And Some Medical Devices.
- Applications :
- Portable Electronics
- Electric Vehicles (Evs)
- Energy Storage Systems
- Uninterruptible Power Supplies (Ups)
- Aerospace And Defense
- Medical Devices
- Renewable Energy Systems
- Marine And Automotive Applications
- Industrial Applications
#Battery
#Physics
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#Anode
#Cathode
#Electrons
#Voltage
#Current
#Electrolyte
#RedoxReactions
#EnergyConversion
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#RenewableEnergy
#LithiumIonBattery
#NickelCadmiumBattery
#LeadAcidBattery
#FlowBattery
