Thermodynamics

 

Thermodynamics

- Thermodynamics Is The Study Of The Effects Of 

  Work,Heat And Energy On A System.Thermodynamics Is

  Only Concerned With Large Scale Observation.

 

- Different Branches Of Thermodynamics

[1] Classical Thermodynamics

[2] Statistical Thermodynamics

[3] Chemical Thermodynamics

[4] Equilibrium Thermodynamics

 

[1] Classical Thermodynamics

Classical Thermodynamics Is The Study Of The Relationships Between Heat, Work, And Energy In Macroscopic Systems, Without Considering The Underlying Microscopic Interactions Between Individual Particles. It Is Based On A Set Of Fundamental Principles That Govern The Behavior Of Energy And Matter At The Macroscopic Level

[2] Statistical Thermodynamics

Statistical Thermodynamics Is The Branch Of Thermodynamics That Uses Statistical Methods To Explain The Behavior Of A Large Number Of Particles, Based On Their Individual Microscopic Properties. It Is Sometimes Called Statistical Mechanics.

In Statistical Thermodynamics, The Behavior Of A System Is Described By The Statistical Properties Of Its Constituent Particles, Such As Their Position, Momentum, And Energy. These Properties Are Determined By Probability Distributions, And The System's Behavior Is Predicted By Averaging Over All Possible States Consistent With The Observed Macroscopic Properties, Such As Temperature And Pressure

[3] Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical Thermodynamics Is The Branch Of Thermodynamics That Focuses On The Study Of The Energy Changes That Occur During Chemical Reactions, And The Relationship Between Those Changes And The Properties Of The Reacting Substances

[4] Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Equilibrium Thermodynamics Is The Branch Of Thermodynamics That Deals With The Behavior Of Systems In Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Which Is A State In Which There Are No Macroscopic Changes Occurring Over Time. In Equilibrium Thermodynamics, The Focus Is On The Study Of The Properties Of A System When It Is In Equilibrium, And The Relationships Between These Properties.

 

- Thermodynamics Law :

[1] Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics

[2] First Law Of Thermodynamics

[3] Second Law Of Thermodynamics

[4] Third Law Of Thermodynamics

 

[1] Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics

- The Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics Is One Of The Fundamental Principles Of Thermodynamics. It States That If Two Systems Are Each In Thermal Equilibrium With A Third System, Then They Are Also In Thermal Equilibrium With Each Other.

- The Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics Means That If Two Objects Are Each In Thermal Equilibrium With A Third Object, They Are Also In Thermal Equilibrium With Each Other. This Principle Is Used In The Construction Of Thermometers And Other Temperature Measuring Devices

[2] First Law Of Thermodynamics

- The First Law Of Thermodynamics, Also Known As The Law Of Conservation Of Energy, States That Energy Cannot Be Created Or Destroyed, But Can Only Be Transformed From One Form To Another Or Transferred From One System To Another. This Law Is A Fundamental Principle Of Physics And Applies To All Natural Processes, Including Those In Thermodynamic Systems.

- In Other Words, The Total Amount Of Energy In A Closed System Remains Constant, And Any Energy That Is Lost By One Part Of The System Is Gained By Another Part. This Law Has Important Implications For Understanding The Behavior Of Systems That Involve Energy Transfer, Such As Engines, Power Plants, And Chemical Reactions.

[3] Second Law Of Thermodynamics

- The Second Law Of Thermodynamics Is A Fundamental Principle In Physics That Describes The Direction Of Natural Processes. There Are Several Statements Of The Second Law, But One Of The Most Commonly Used Is The Statement That The Total Entropy Of A Closed System Always Increases Over Time.

- Entropy Is A Measure Of The Degree Of Disorder Or Randomness In A System, And It Increases When Energy Is Transferred Or Transformed.

- This Means That In Any Natural Process, The Total Amount Of Usable Energy Available To Do Work Decreases, And The System Becomes More Disordered Or Random.

- The Second Law Also States That Heat Will Spontaneously Flow From A Hotter Object To A Colder Object, And That It Is Impossible To Convert Heat Completely Into Work With 100% Efficiency. This Is Known As The Carnot Limit, And It Sets An Upper Bound On The Efficiency Of Heat Engines.

[4] Third Law Of Thermodynamics

- The Third Law Of Thermodynamics Is A Fundamental Principle In    Physics That States That As The Temperature Of A System Approaches Absolute Zero, The Entropy Of That System Approaches A Minimum Value Or Zero. In Other Words, As A System Approaches Absolute Zero, Its Entropy Approaches A Constant Value That Is Determined By The Number Of Quantum States Available To It.

- This Law Has Important Implications For The Behavior Of Matter At Very Low Temperatures, Such As The Formation Of Bose-Einstein Condensates, Which Are Collections Of Particles That All Occupy The Same Quantum State. The Third Law Also Plays A Role In The Study Of Materials With Unique Properties, Such As Superconductors And Superfluids, Which Can Only Exist At Very Low Temperatures.