Isaac Newton
- Born
4 January 1643 [O.S.
25 December 1642]
Woolsthorpe-By-Colsterworth,
Lincolnshire, England
- Died
31 March 1727 (Aged
84) [O.S. 20 March 1726]
Kensington, Middlesex,
Great Britain
- Education
Trinity College, Cambridge
(M.A., 1668)
- Work
- Laws Of Motion
- Law Of Universal Gravitation
- Calculus
- Optics
- Newton's Rings
- Newton's Method
- Newton's Law Of Cooling
- Newton's Identities
[1] Laws Of Motion :
- Newton Formulated The Three Fundamental Laws Of Motion,
Known As Newton's Laws. These Laws Describe The
Relationship Between An Object's Motion And The Forces
Acting Upon It,Providing A Foundation For Classical Mechanics.
- (1) Newton's First
Law (Law Of Inertia):
An Object At Rest Will Remain At Rest, And An Object In
Motion Will Continue Moving At A Constant Velocity In A
Straight Line Unless Acted Upon By An External Force.
In Simpler Terms, Objects Tend To "Keep Doing What
They're Doing" Unless A Force Changes Their State Of
Motion.
- (2) Newton's
Second Law (Law Of Acceleration):
The Acceleration Of An Object Is Directly Proportional To
The Net Force Applied To It And Inversely Proportional To
Its Mass. Mathematically, This Is Expressed As F = Ma,
Where F Represents The Net Force Applied To An Object, M
Represents Its Mass, And A Represents The Resulting
Acceleration.This Law Describes How Force Influences The
Motion Of An Object.
- (3) Newton's Third
Law (Law Of Action-Reaction):
For Every Action, There Is An Equal And Opposite Reaction.
This Law States That When One Object Exerts A Force On
Another Object, The Second Object Exerts An Equal And
Opposite Force Back On The First Object.Essentially, Forces
Always Occur In Pairs, With Each Force Having An Equal
Magnitude But Acting In Opposite Directions.
[2] Law Of Universal Gravitation :
- The Law Of Universal Gravitation, Formulated By Sir Isaac
Newton, Describes The Force Of Gravitational Attraction
Between Two Objects. It Provides A Fundamental
Understanding Of How Objects With Mass Interact With Each
Other
- Every Object In The Universe Attracts Every Other Object With
A Force Of Gravitational Attraction.The Force Of Gravity
Between Two Objects Is Directly Proportional To The Product
Of Their Masses. The Force Of Gravity Between Two Objects Is
Inversely Proportional To The Square Of The Distance Between
Their Centers.The Force Acts Along The Line Joining The
Centers Of The Two Objects.
- F = G * (M1 * M2)
/ R ^2
F Represents The Force Of Gravitational Attraction Between
The Two Objects.
G Is The Gravitational Constant (A Constant Value: 6.67430 ×
10^-11 N(M/Kg)^2).
M1 And M2 Are The
Masses Of The Two Objects.
R Is The Distance
Between The Centers Of The Two Objects.
- The Law Of Universal Gravitation Explains The Motion Of
Celestial Bodies, Such As Planets, Moons, And Satellites. It
Allows Us To Understand Phenomena Like The Orbits Of
Planets Around The Sun And The Moon's Orbit Around The
Earth.
[3] Calculus :
- Calculus Is A Branch Of Mathematics That Deals With Rates Of
Change, Accumulation, And The Mathematical Study Of
Continuous Change. It Provides A Powerful Framework For
Understanding And Analyzing Various Phenomena In Fields
Such As Physics, Engineering, Economics,
And More.
- There Are Two Main
Branches Of Calculus
(1) Differential
Calculus:
Differential Calculus Focuses On Studying Rates Of Change
And Instantaneous Properties Of Functions. It Involves
Concepts Such As Derivatives, Which Measure The Rate At
Which A Quantity Changes, And Differential Equations,
Which Relate Rates Of Change To The Behavior Of A System.
Differential Calculus Is Particularly Useful In Modeling And
Analyzing Dynamic Systems.
(2) Integral
Calculus:
Integral Calculus Involves The Accumulation And Calculation
Of Quantities. It Deals With Concepts Like Integrals, Which
Calculate The Total Accumulated Change Or The Area Under
A Curve.Integral Calculus Enables The Computation Of
Quantities Such As The Total Distance Traveled, The Area Of
Irregular Shapes, And The Calculation Of Averages.
- They Provide Powerful Tools For Solving Complex Problems
And Making Precise Mathematical
Predictions.
- The Development Of Calculus Is Credited To Several
Mathematicians, Including Sir Isaac Newton And Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz, Who Independently Developed The
Fundamental Principles And
Notations Of Calculus.
[4] Optics :
- Optics Is The Branch Of Physics That Deals With The Behavior
And Properties Of Light, Including Its Interaction With Matter
And The Formation Of Images.
- It Encompasses The Study Of Light's Propagation, Reflection,
Refraction, Diffraction, Interference, Polarization, And Other
Phenomena Related To Its Behavior.
- Optics Has Practical Applications In Various Fields, Including
Physics, Astronomy, Engineering, Telecommunications,
Medicine (E.G., Ophthalmology), And Manufacturing (E.G.,
Laser Technology).
[5] Newton's Rings :
- Newton's Rings Refer To A Phenomenon Observed In Optics,
Specifically In The Study Of Thin Films And Interference
Patterns. It Is Named After Sir Isaac Newton, Who First
Described The Phenomenon.
- When A Plano-Convex Lens (A Lens With One Flat Surface And
One Convex Surface) Is Placed On A Flat Glass Plate, A Set Of
Concentric Circular Rings Of Alternating Bright And Dark
Fringes Is Formed. These Rings Are Known As Newton's
Rings.
- Newton's Rings Have Practical Applications In The Field Of
Metrology, Where They Can Be Used To Measure The Flatness
And Quality Of Optical Surfaces.
- By Analyzing The Pattern Of Rings And Their Radii,
Information About The Curvature And Irregularities Of The
Surfaces Can Be Obtained.
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