Electric Current

Electric Current

( 1 ) What Is Electric Current ?

 

  - Electric Current, In Physics, Refers To The Flow Of Electric

    Charge Through A Conductor Or A Circuit.

  - It Is The Rate At Which Electric Charge Passes Through A

    Specific Point In A Given Amount Of Time.

  - When A Potential Difference (Voltage) Is Applied Across The

    Ends Of A Conductor, It Creates An Electric Field, Which Exerts

    A Force On The Charged Particles, Causing Them To Move.

  - The Flow Of These Charged Particles Constitutes An Electric

    Current.

  - The SI Unit For Electric Current Is The Ampere (A),Named

    After The French Physicist André-Marie Ampère.

  - One Ampere Is Defined As One Coulomb Of Charge Passing

    Through A Point In A Circuit Per Second.

    1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb / 1 Second

  - There Are Mainly Two Types Of Current, And They Are Direct

    Current (DC) And Alternating Current (AC).

 

 

  (A) Direct Current (DC) :

  

    - Direct Current (DC) Refers To The Flow Of Electric Charge In A

     Single, Constant Direction.

   - In A DC Circuit, The Electric Current Maintains A Steady Flow

     From The Positive Terminal To The Negative Terminal Of A

     Power Source, Such As A Battery Or A DC Power Supply.

   - The Voltage In A DC Circuit Remains Constant Over Time,

     Causing The Electrons To Move In One Direction Only.

   - DC Is Commonly Used In Various Applications, Such As

     Battery-Powered Devices, Automotive Systems, And Certain

     Specialized Power Distribution Systems.

 

   (B) Alternating Current (AC) :

 

      - Alternating Current (AC) Refers To The Flow Of Electric

       Charge That Periodically Reverses Its Direction.

    - Unlike Direct Current (DC), Which Flows In A Single

      Direction, AC Continuously Changes Its Polarity, Oscillating

      Back And Forth.

   - In An AC Circuit, The Voltage And Current Alternate In A

     Sinusoidal Pattern. The Flow Of Charge Periodically Switches

     From Positive To Negative, Causing The Electrons To Oscillate

     Back And Forth Within The Conductor.

   - AC Power Is Used To Operate A Wide Range Of Electrical

     Devices, From Lighting And Appliances To Industrial

     Machinery.

 

 

 

( 2 ) Ohm’s Law :

 

  - Ohm's Law Is A Fundamental Principle In Electrical

    Engineering And Physics That Relates The Voltage, Current,

    And Resistance In An Electrical Circuit.

  - It States That The Current Passing Through A Conductor Is

    Directly Proportional To The Voltage Across It And Inversely

    Proportional To The Resistance Of The Conductor.

  - Mathematically, Ohm's Law Can Be Expressed As:

 

    V = I * R

 

    Where:

          V Represents The Voltage Across The Conductor,

          I Represents The Current Passing Through The Conductor,

          R Represents The Resistance Of The Conductor.

  - Ohm's Law Provides A Fundamental Tool For Analyzing And

     Predicting The Behavior Of Electrical Circuits.

  - It Helps In Calculating Unknown Quantities, Such As Current

    Or Voltage, When The Other Two Values Are Known.

 

 - Ohm’s Law Applications :

 

   - Circuit Analysis: Ohm's Law Is Extensively Used To Analyze

     And Understand Electrical Circuits.

   - Circuit Design: Ohm's Law Plays A Vital Role In Designing

     Electrical Circuits.

   - Power Calculations: Ohm's Law, In Combination With Other

     Formulas, Enables The Calculation Of Electrical Power In A

     Circuit.

   - Voltage And Current Regulation: Ohm's Law Is Crucial For

     Regulating Voltage And Current In Electrical Systems.

   - Troubleshooting Circuits: Ohm's Law Serves As A

     Troubleshooting Tool.

   - Series And Parallel Circuits: Ohm's Law Simplifies The

     Analysis Of Series And Parallel Circuits.

 

 - Limitations Of Ohm’s Law :

   

   - Ohm’s Law Is Not Applicable For Unilateral Electrical Elements

     Like Diodes And Transistors As They Allow The Current To

     Flow Through In One Direction Only.

   - Ideal Circuit Assumptions: Ohm's Law Assumes Ideal Circuit

     Conditions, Such As Negligible Resistance In Connecting Wires

     And Perfect Components. In Real-World Scenarios, The

     Resistance Of Wires And Components, As Well As Other Non-

     Ideal Factors, Can Affect The Accuracy Of Ohm's Law.

 

 

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