Effect of Temperature on Conductivity of Metals
[ 1 ] Effect Of Temperature On Conductivity Of Metals :
- On Increasing Temperature Of The Metals, Its Conductivity
Decreases And The Resistivity Increases.
- In The Metallic Lattice, Metals Have Electrical Resistivity Due To
The Scattering Of Free Electrons By The Imperfections.
- There Are Two Types Of Imperfections.
1. Occurring Due To The Thermal Vibrations Of The Positive Ions
About Their Equilibrium Positions In The Lattice.
2. Occurring Due To Structural Defects As Presence Of Impurity
Ions. Hence The Resistivity Of A Metal Can Be Given As
ρ = ρt + ρi
- Here ρt The Resistivity Due To Thermal Imperfections And ρi Is
Caused By Impurity Or Structural Imperfections.
- As The Temperature Increases, The Amplitude Of Ion Vibrations
Increases, Because Of That The Scattering Cross Section Of The
Ions Increases.
- Hence, The Resistivity ρt Increases. The Vibration Of ρt With
Temperature Is Of The Form ρt α T^5 At Low Temperature And
ρt α T At High Temperatures. We Can Explain Metallic Resistivity
By This Expression.
ρ = vf/λ
- On Rising Temperature, The Electron Speed Vf Increases And
The Mean Free Path λ Decreases, Therefore, The Resistivity ρ
Increases.
- On The Other Hand, The Resistivity ρi Is Independent Upon
The Temperature.
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