Yukawa attributed the following characteristics to the nuclear forces

Yukawa attributed the following characteristics to the nuclear forces

 

[1] Nuclear Forces :

 

- Since Stable Nuclei Exist, It Follows That There Must Be Certain

  Forces Acting Between Their Nucleons That Bind Them Into The

  Nucleus.

- These Are Called Nuclear Forces. The Nuclear Force Must Be

  Strongly Attractive, In Order To Overcome The Electrostatic

  Repulsion Between Protons.

- Only Three Kinds Of Attractive Forces Can Be Conceived In The

  Nucleus, Viz., Neutron-Neutron (N-N), Neutron-Proton (N-P) 

  And Proton-Proton (P-P) Interactions.

- Yukawa Attributed The Following Characteristics To The Nuclear

  Forces.

 

(1) Nuclear Forces Are Effective Only At Short Ranges.

- Nuclear Forces Are Appreciable Only When The Distance

  Between Nucleons Is Of The Order Of 10^–15 m Or Less.

- The Force Vanishes For All Practical Purposes At Distances

   Greater Than A Few Times 10^–15 m.

- These Distances Are Called The Action Radii Or Range Of The

   Nuclear Forces.

- In The Up-To-Date Version Of The Exchange Theory Of Nuclear

  Forces, It Is Supposed That Interaction Between Nucleons Is

  Accomplished By The Exchange Of π -Mesons.

- The Exchange Version Of Nuclear Forces Explains Their Short

  Range Action.

- Let M Be The Rest Mass Of The Π-Meson. The Rest Energy Of

  The π-Meson = ∆E = mc^2

- According To Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, The Time

  Required For Nucleons To Exchange π -Mesons Cannot Exceed 

  ∆T, For Which ∆E ∆t ≥ (h/2)π.

- The Distance That A π -Meson Can Travel Away From A Nucleon

  In The Nucleus During The Time ∆ T, Even At A Velocity ≈ C, Is

  Ro = (h/2π)/mc = 1.2 * 10^-15 m

- This Approximately Coincides With The Value Of The Nuclear

   Radius And Is Of The Order Of Magnitude Of The Nuclear Force

   Range.

 

(2) Nuclear Forces Are Charge Independent.

- The Nuclear Forces Acting Between Two Protons, Or Between

  Two Neutrons, Or Between A Proton And A Neutron, Are The

  Same.

- It Follows That Nuclear Forces Are Of A Non-Electric Nature.

 

(3) Nuclear Forces Are The Strongest Known Forces In

     Nature.

 

(4) Nuclear Forces Have Saturation Property.

- Nuclear Forces Are Limited In Range. As A Result, Each Nucleon

   Interacts With Only A Limited Number Of Nucleons Nearest To

   It.

- This Effect Is Referred To As The Saturation Of Nuclear Forces.

 

#NuclearForces

#NuclearDeterrence

#NuclearWeapons

#ArmsControl

#StrategicStability

#NuclearPolicy

#NuclearStrategy

#NonProliferation

#NuclearDisarmament

#ColdWar

#MutualAssuredDestruction

#NuclearArmsRace

#NuclearSecurity

#NuclearTesting

#NuclearTreaties

#NuclearProliferation

#NuclearModernization

#NuclearTriad

#NuclearCommandandControl

#NuclearThreat

#NuclearPeace