Nuclear Reactions
[1] Nuclear Reactions
(I) Elastic Scattering
- In This Case The Incident Particle Strikes The Target Nucleus
And Leaves Without Loss Of Energy, But Its Direction May
Change.
- Example : Scattering Of α-Particles From A Thin Gold Foil.
- The Target Nucleus Remains Unaffected
(ii) Inelastic Scattering
- In This Case, The Incident Particle Loses A Part Of Its Energy In
Exciting The Target Nucleus To A Higher Allowed Energy Level.
- The Excited Nucleus Later Decays To The Ground State,
Radiating The Excess Energy In The Form Of A γ-Ray Photon.
- Example :
3Li7 + 1H1 → 3Li7* +
1H1
Li7* → 3Li7 +
(iii) Radiative Capture
- Here The Incident Particle Is Captured By The Target Nucleus
And A New Nucleus Is Formed.
- The New Nucleus, In General, Has A Considerable Excess Of
Energy And Decays With The Emission Of One Or More γ-Ray
Photons.
- Example :
6C12 + 1H1 → 7N13* → 7N13 + γ
(Iv) Disintegration
- Here The Incident Particle Is Absorbed By The Target Nucleus
And The Ejected Particle Is A Different One.
- The Composition Of The Resultant Nucleus Is Also Different
From The Parent Nucleus.
- An Example Is The Disintegration Of Beryllium By α-Particle
Producing Neutrons.
4Be9 + 2He4 → 6C12 +
0n1
(V) Photodisintegration
- When Target Materials Are Bombarded With Radiations, The
Resulting Compound Nuclei Are Usually Formed In Excited
States.
- These Nuclei Generally Get Rid Of The Excess Excitation Energy
Through Neutron Emission.
- For Example,
1H2
+ γ → 1H1 + 0n1
- This Requires A Photon Of Energy 2.225 MeV.
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