Electronics
What Is Electronics ?
Electronics Is The Branch Of Physics And Engineering That
Deals With The Behavior And Manipulation Of Electrons And Their Effects On
Circuits And Devices.
Electronics Is Used In A Wide Range Of Applications,
Including Telecommunications, Computing, Medical Equipment, Consumer
Electronics, Industrial Automation, And Many Other Fields.
[1] Conductor :
- A Conductor Is A Material Or Object That Allows Electricity
To Flow Through It Easily.
Exampal –
- Copper Wire
- Aluminum Foil
- Silver
- Gold
- Iron
- Brass
- Graphite
- Saltwater (When It Contains Dissolved Ions)
- Human Body (Which Can Conduct Small Amounts Of Electricity)
[2] Insulators :
- An Insulator Is A Material Or Object That Does Not Allow Electricity To Flow Through It
Easily.
Exampal –
- Rubber
- Glass
- Air
- Plastic
- Wood
- Ceramic
- Porcelain
- Dry Paper
- Teflon (PTFE)
- Styrofoam
[3] Semiconductors :
- A Semiconductor Is A Material That Conducts Electricity At A Level Between That Of A
Conductor And An Insulator.
Example –
- Silicon
- Germanium
- Gallium Arsenide
- Indium Phosphide
- Silicon Carbide
- In A Semiconductor Material, There Are Two Types Of Charge Carriers: Electrons
And Holes.
- Electrons Are Negatively Charged Particles That Are Involved In The Flow Of
Electricity In The Material. In Semiconductors, Electrons Are Typically Found In
The Valence Band, Which Is The Lower Energy Band That Contains The Electrons
That Are Bound To The Atoms In The Material.
- Holes, On The Other Hand, Are The Absence Of Electrons In The Valence Band.
When An Electron Leaves The Valence Band To Move Into The Conduction Band, It
Leaves Behind A Positively Charged Hole. Holes Behave As If They Were Positively
Charged Particles And Can Move Through The Material In Response To An Electric
Field.
Band Theory :
- The Band Theory Of Semiconductors Is A Model That Describes The
Behavior Of Electrons In Semiconducting Materials. According To This
Theory, The Valence Band And Conduction Band Are The Two Energy
Levels That
Determine The Electrical Properties Of A Semiconductor.
- The Size Of The Band Gap Determines Whether A Material Is A
Conductor, Semiconductor, Or Insulator. A Large Band Gap Indicates
An Insulator, A Small Band Gap Indicates A Conductor, And A
Moderate Band Gap
Indicates A Semiconductor
Valence Band :
- In A Semiconductor Material, The Valence Band Is The Highest Energy
Band That Is Fully Occupied By Electrons. The Electrons In The
Valence Band Are Bound To The Atoms In The Material, And They
Cannot Move Freely.
Conduction Band :
- In A Semiconductor Material, The Conduction Band Is The Lowest
Energy Band That Is Unoccupied By Electrons At Room Temperature.
The Electrons In The Conduction Band Are Free To Move Through The
Material, And They Are
Responsible For The Flow Of Electricity.
- The Conduction Band Is Separated From The Valence Band By An
Energy Gap Called The Band Gap. When An Electron In The Valence
Band Gains Enough Energy, It Can Move To The Conduction Band,
Creating An Electron-Hole Pair. This Process Allows The Material To
Conduct Electricity And Is Essential For The Operation Of Electronic
Devices Built Using Semiconductors
