Operational Amplifier

OP-AMP

 what is Operational Amplifier ?

- An operational amplifier (often abbreviated as op-amp) is an electronic device that is designed to amplify and process signals.

- Op-amps typically have two input terminals (the inverting and non-inverting inputs) and one output terminal.

- Inverting input (-): This is one of the input pins of the op-amp, where an input     voltag signal is applied. The signal applied here is inverted by the op-amp, meaning that   an increase in voltage at this pin will result in a decrease in voltage at the output pin.

- Non-inverting input (+): This is the other input pin of the op-amp, where another   input voltage signal is applied. The signal applied here is not inverted by the op-amp,   meaning that  an increase in voltage at this pin will result in an increase in voltage at   the output pin.

- Output pin: This is the pin where the output voltage signal is obtained. The output   voltage is proportional to the difference between the voltages applied to the two input   pins, with a gain that  is determined by the op-amp's internal circuitry.

Block Diagram Of Op- Amp :

(1) Input Stage : 

   

-  The Main Function Of Op Amp Is, At First It Creates A Difference Between The

    Two Input Signals An Then Amplify The Differentiated Signal

-  So In The Input Stage, The Differential Amplifier Creates The Differences.

-  In This Stage, The Differential Amplifier Also Provides The High Input Impedance

   Which Is Necessary For The Operational Amplifier.

- You Can See In This Stage The Dual Input Balanced Output Differential Amplifier

   Is Used Which Increase The Voltage For Next Stage Operation

(2) Intermediate Stage :

- The Output Of The Input Stage Is Used As The Input Of The Intermediate

 Stage.In This Stage, The Direct Coupling Happens.

-  So, In This Stage, The DC Voltage Is Greater Than The Ground Potential Or 0V.

(3) Level Shifting Stage :

-  As In This Stage The Shifting Of Voltage Level Happens That Is Why It Is Called

  Level Shifting Stage.

- Here The Emitter Follower With A Constant Current Source Is Applied

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     (4) Output Stage :

 -    -  In This Stage, The Push-Pull Amplifier Is Used. The Output Of The Leve Shifting 

       Stage Is Given To The Input Of The Push-Pull Amplifier.

    -  The Push-Pull Amplifier Increases The Output Voltage And High Current Delivering   Capability O The Operational Amplifier.

                 

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