Full Wave Rectifier
- A Full Wave Rectifier Is An Electronic Circuit That Converts An
Alternating Current (AC) Input Into A Direct Current (DC)
Output.
- A Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Uses Two Diode For The
Transformation.
- It Is Designed To Rectify Or Convert Both The Positive And
Negative Halves Of The Input Waveform Into A Continuous
Unidirectional Flow Of Current.
Types Of Full Wave Rectifier :
(1) Center Tap Full Wave Rectifier
(2) Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
( 1 ) Center Tap Full Wave Rectifier :
- Two Diodes
- A Centre-Tapped Transformer
- A Load Resistance
- Configuration:
The Center-Tapped Full Wave Rectifier Uses A Transformer With
A Center-Tapped Secondary Winding.
- Diode Connection:
Two Diodes Are Connected In A Series, With Their Anodes
Connected To The Ends Of The Secondary Winding, And Their
Cathodes Connected To The Center Tap.
- Operation:
During The Positive Half-Cycle Of The AC Input, The Diode
Connected To The Upper End Of The Secondary Winding
Conducts And Allows Current To Flow In One Direction.
Simultaneously, The Diode Connected To The Lower End Blocks
The Current. In The Negative Half-Cycle, The Conducting Diode
Switches, Allowing Current To Flow In The Opposite Direction.
- Output:
The Output Of The Center-Tapped Full Wave Rectifier Is A
Pulsating DC Waveform With A Frequency Twice That Of The
Input Frequency.It Requires A Large Center-Tapped
Transformer.
Circuit :
(2) Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier :
- Four Diodes
- A Step Down Transformer
- A Load Resistance
- Configuration:
The Bridge Rectifier Uses A Diode Bridge Circuit Without The
Need For A Center-Tapped Transformer.
- Diode Connection:
Four Diodes Are Connected In A Bridge-Like Configuration. The
AC Input Is Connected Across Two Diagonally Opposite Ends Of
The Bridge, While The Output Is Taken From The Other Two
Ends.
- Operation:
During The Positive Half-Cycle Of The AC Input, Two Diodes
Conduct, Creating A Current Path From The Input To The
Output.In The Negative Half-Cycle, The Other Two Diodes
Conduct, Reversing The Direction Of The Current Flow From The
Input To The Output.
- Output:
The Output Of The Bridge Rectifier Is A Pulsating DC Waveform
With A Frequency Equal To The Input Frequency.It Is More
Efficient Than The Center-Tapped Full Wave Rectifier And
Doesn't Require A Center-Tapped Transformer.
Circuit :
Full Wave Rectifier Waveform :
Full Wave Rectifier Formula :
(1) Efficiency Of Full Wave Rectifier :
-
- The Efficiency Of The Full Wave Rectifiers Is 81.2%.
(2) RMS Value Of Current :
(3) Form Factor Of A Full Wave Rectifier :
(4) Peak Inverse Voltage
- Peak Inverse Voltage Is The Maximum Voltage A Diode Can
Withstand In The Reverse-Biased Direction Before Breakdown.
- The Peak Inverse Voltage Of The Full-Wave Rectifier Is Double
That Of A Half-Wave Rectifier. The PIV Across D1 And D2 Is
2Vmax.
(5) DC Output Voltage :
(6) Peak Factor :
Advantages Of Full Wave Rectifier :
- Higher Output Voltage
- Better Output Efficiency
- Reduced Ripple
- Utilization Of Transformer
- Efficient Power Utilization
- Higher Frequency Operation
Disadvantages Of Full Wave Rectifier :
- Complexity:
Compared To A Half Wave Rectifier, A Full Wave Rectifier Circuit
Is More Complex Due To The Requirement Of Additional Diodes
Or A Center-Tapped Transformer.
- Cost:
The Complexity Of A Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Can Contribute
To Increased Cost.
- Voltage Drops:
Full Wave Rectifiers Typically Utilize Diodes, Which Introduce A
Voltage Drop Across Their Junctions When They Conduct.This
Voltage Drop Can Reduce The Overall Output Voltage Of The
Rectifier,Resulting In A Slightly Lower Output Compared To The
Input Voltage.
- Heat Dissipation:
Diodes Used In Full Wave Rectifiers Can Generate Heat During
Operation.
- Efficiency With Low Loads:
Full Wave Rectifiers May Exhibit Reduced Efficiency At Low
Loads Or When The Load Resistance Is Small.
#FullWaveRectifier
#BridgeRectifier
#CenterTappedRectifier
#RectifierCircuit
#ACtoDCConversion
#DiodeBridge
#SmoothingCapacitor
#RippleReduction
#PowerElectronics
#ElectricalEngineering
